Australia

=HUMAN HABITATION= Human habitation of Australia estimated to have begun between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland was made by the Dutch navigation Willem Janszoon, who sighted the coast of Cape York Paninsula in 1606. During the 17th century, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines of what they called New Holland, but they made no attempt at settlement. In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast of Australia, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The United Kingdom formally claimed the western part of Australia in 1829. =SEPARATE COLONIES= Separate colonies were created from parts of New South Wales: South Australia in 1832, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. South Australia was found as a free province, it was never a penal colony. Victoria and Western Australia were also founded as free, but later accepted transported convicts. The transportation of convicts to the colony of New South Wales ceased in 1848 after a campaign by the settlers. =A GOLD RUSH= A gold rush //(A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold.)// began in Australia in the early 1850s and the Eureka Stockade rebellion against mining license in 1854 was an early expression of civil disobedience. //(- is the active refusal to obey certain laws, demand and commands of a government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical violence.)// Between 1855 and 1890, the six colonies individually gained responsible government, managing most of their own affairs while remaining part of the British Isles. On January the 1 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation, and voting. =WORLD WAR 1 AND 2= In 1914 Australia joined Britain in fighting World War 1, in support of both outgoing Liberal Party and the incoming Labor Party. Since 1951, Australia has been a formal military ally of the US, under the ANZUS (The Australian, New Zealand, and United States Security) treaty. After the World War 2, Australia encouraged immigration from Europe; since the 1970s and the abolition of the White Australia policy, immigration from Asia and elsewhere was also encouraged. As a result Australia’s Demography, culture, and self-image have been transformed. At the 1999 referendum, 54% of Australian voters rejected a proposal to become a republic with a president appointed by two-thirds vote of both houses of the Australian Parliament. =ELECTION= Since the election of the Whitlam Government in 1972, there has been an increasing focus on the expansion of ties with other Pacific Rim nations while maintaining close ties with Australian’s traditional allies and trading partners.

= =

**Culture**
There are few countries where the influence from the outside world has been so strong as in Australia. The original culture is as good as dead, because of the influence of European immigrants and English rule. Sports and outdoor activities are very popular in Australia, a little bit because of the climate, its warm weather the whole year so you can be outside and do sports in the winter. Large sports in Australia is horse races, Australian football and rugby, where the Australian national team is one of the most successful in the world.Also, cricket and swimming are popular sports. The music in Australia is classified as a western. Bands and artists like AC / DC, Cut Copy, Men at Work, Midnight Oil, Wolfmother and Kylie Minogue comes from Australia SIDNEY OPERA: Sydney Opera House (Sydney Opera House) is located in Sydney, New South Wales in Australia, and is one of the most distinctive and famous buildings from the 1900s Sydney Opera House has about 1,000 rooms, including five theater halls, five exercise studios, two main halls, four restaurants, six bars and numerous souvenir shops. Thousands of Tourists who have no interest in opera comes to see this opera.

GEOGRAPY

Australias landmass it's in 7,617,930 square kilometres. Austraila it's an island who are surrounded by the indian- and the pacific oceans. Australia has 34,218 kilometres of coastline. the island it's the sixth largest country by total area. Australia is a continent in the southern hemisphere. It limits to Indonesia to the East, Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east and New Zealand to the southeast. Australia is inhabited by almost 22 million people. Canberra is the capital city of Australia, and over 345, 000 people live there.

Australia got some very odd and reare anemals. Along them we got the kangaroo, the platipus, the wombat, the coala bear and the Tasmanian devil. Australia also got a high number of poisonous snakes and spiders. Another famous Australian anemal is the crocodile. But when people started setteling in Australia, they also brought with them new anemals, woch now is threatening the natural wildlife of the continent. Among these anemals are foxes, wild pigs, honey bees, camels and deer. Humans themself also threaten the Australian wildlife. For example: the coala bear can only live on aucalyptos leafs, and when humans chop them down to make timber or new settlesments, the coalas will fall with the trees. Another example is the extinktion of the tasmanian tiger, a dog-like marsupial (pungdyr) that used to live on the Australian island Tasmania, but becouse of intense hunting by humans now are extinkt.